We deliberately took the liberty of proceeding in a careful but still risky and innovative manner, without any pressure for publications in the early phase of the project. As we partly(!) agree with a DFG-initiative from 2010 "Pflöcke gegen die Publikationsflut" ("Impalement against the publication flood"; but see also Brähler, E., Brunstein, J. C., Diehl, M., Erdfelder, E., Kirschbaum, C., Lindenberger, U., Schröger, E., Sonnentag, S., Ulrich, R., & Weber, H. (2010). Neuregelung zu Publikationsverzeichnissen bei DFG-Anträgen: Stellungnahme des DFG-Fachkollogiums Psychologie. Psychologische Rundschau, 61(3), 147-149), this initiative gave us additional encouragement to set somewhat different priorities as compared to what is to be recommended in a regular DFG-grant headed by the publish-or-perisch-principle. More specifically, we performed effortful and extensive (a) pilot and (b) replication studies, and (c) parametric studies to determine the area of validity of interesting findings we made. We (d) also performed risky "ad-hoc" studies that were born in various brain storming meetings (e.g. a baby studies run by Iria SanMiguel in the baby lab of Gergely Csibra, Budapest [HU]). Although we originally planned to take a mere experimental approach it (e) turned out that additional conceptual / theoretical / methodological work is required. The output of this theoretical work served our experimental work as a guideline. Moreover, (f) we also decided to buy additional equipment for our lab (i.e., eye-movement recorder). Especially the consideration of eye-movements turned out to be a promising tool to study auditory prediction (and to avoid artefacts when using oscillatory activity as dependent variable). Furthermore, we (g) performed - in cooperation with experts from the respective labs - more structural studies than originally planned, that is, fMRI and TMS studies (e.g., Marc Schönwiesner & Julian Klein, Montreal [CA], Joseph Claßen & Gesa Hartwigsen, Neurologie, Uni Leipzig), as well as patient studies involving patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, lesions in the cerebellum and lesions in the basal ganglia (Sonja Kotz & Franziska Knolle, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig) and Schizophrenia (Juanita Todd, Newcastle [AU]).